Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting among Female Adolescents in Priority Areas of Bali: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Year 2022
Keywords:
Adolescents, Height for Age, Nutrition, StuntingAbstract
Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of stunting in female adolescents in the Bangli Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia.
Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2022 in senior and vocational high schools in Bangli Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. Adolescent girls aged 15-18 years not experiencing any illness at the time of enrolment were included. Stunting was defined using the WHO's 2007 standards (Height-for-Age z-score <-2SD). Dietary habits were evaluated using the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), with a score of less than 5 indicating low dietary diversity. Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) was determined by mid upper arm circumference, with a threshold of <23 cm indicating CED. Sociodemographic factors, dietary habits, and knowledge and attitudes regarding stunting were also assessed.
Results:Of total 560 females, the mean age was16.32 ±0.854 years. Stunting was observed in 66 (11.8%) adolescents. The risk of stunting was approximately 2.55 times significantly higher among adolescents with negative attitude towards stunting prevention (cOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.48 to 4.38, p-value <0.001), 2 times significantly higher among adolescents with low DDS (cOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.22, p-value 0.021) and experienced CED (cOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.04, p-value 0.042).
Conclusion: This study identified a stunting prevalence of 11.8% among female adolescents in the Bangli Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. The findings indicate that a negative attitude towards stunting prevention, poor diet, and continuous energy imbalance are significant risk factors associated with stunting.
Downloads
References
Setyawati AV, Setyowati M. Nutritional characteristics of urban and rural adolescents girls in Centrak Java Province. J Kesmas 2015; 11:43-52. doi:10.15294/kemas.v11i1.3463
Roba K, Abdo M, Wakayo T. Nutritional status and its associated factors among school adolescent girls in Adama City, Central Ethiopia. J Nutr Food Sci 2016; 6:1-8. doi:10.4172/2155-9600.1000493
Gebregyorgis T, Tadesse T, Atenafu A. Prevalence of thinness and stunting and associated factors among adolescent school girls in Adwa Town, North Ethiopia. Int J Food Sci 2016; 2016: 8323982. doi:10.1155/2016/8323982
United Nation Children's Fund. Social and behavioral change communication strategy: Improving adolescent nutrition in Indonesia, UNICEF, Jakarta 2021; 1-66. Available from https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/media/9201/file/Social%20behavioural%20change%20communication%20strategy
Kumala AM, Margawati A, Rahadiyanti . The relationship between duration of use of electronic devices (gadgets), physical activity and diet and nutritional status in adolescents aged 13-15 years old. J Nutr Coll 2019; 8:73-80. doi:10.14710/jnc.v8i2.23816
Publishing institution health research and development. Indonesia Ministry of Health, NIHRD report on basic health research 2018. Available from https://kesmas. kemkes.go.id/assets/upload/dir_519d41d8cd98f00/files/Hasil-riskesdas-2018_1274
Widayati K, Kuswati E, Asri NL. Adolescent health education about stunting prevention in Tibubeneng village, Badung regency, Bali Province. J Literasisains 2023; 2:1-17. doi:10.55123/abdikan.v2i1.1547
Afandi A. Description of the incidence of stunting in school-age children agricultural areas. Pro Health J Ilmiah Kesehatan 2023; 5:280-3. doi:10.35473/proheallth.v5i1.2142
Armynia SH, Peratiwi M. Determinants of Gianyar gency Bali. J Ilmu Kesehatan MAKIA 2020; 10:2-99. doi:10.37413/jmakia.v10i2.104
Shapiro MJ, Downs SM, Swartz HJ, Parker M, Quelhas D, Kreis K, et al. A systematic review investigating the relation between animal-source food consumption and stunting in children aged 6-60 months in low and middle-income countries. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:827-47. doi:0.1093/advances/nmz018
Indonesian Central Statistics Agency. Average weekly per capita consumption according to fish group per district/city in Bali Province in 2021-2023. Available from https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MjA5NiMy/ rata-rata-konsumsi-perkapita-secepat-menrut-komunikasi-ikan-per-kabupaten-kota.html
Saroinsong FB, Ismail Y, Gravitiani E, Sumantra K. Utilization of home gardens as a community empowerment-based edible landscape to combat stunting. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 940, No. 1, p. 012093). IOP Publishing. Available from https://iopscience. iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012093/
Darapheak C, Takano T, Kizuki M, Nakamura K, Seino K. Consumption of animal source foods and dietary diversity reduce stunting in children in Cambodia. Int Arch Med 2013; 6:29. doi:10.1186/1755-7682-6-29
Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation. Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation Number 2 of 2020 concerning Child Anthropometric Standards. Jakarta: Indonesian Minister of Health 2020. https://www.iccc.or.id/wp-content/uploads/ 2020/08/Minister-of-Health-Regulation-No.-9-of-2020-SSEK-Translation.pdf
Birru SM, Tariku A, Belew AK. Improved dietary diversity of school adolescent girls in the context of urban Northwest Ethiopia: 2017. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:48. doi:10.1186/s13052-018-0490-0
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nat-ions. Minimum dietary diversity for women. An updated guide for measurement: from collection to action. Rome 2021;1-176. Available from https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/ 3d973c7c-ed82-4ace-a15e-6d0c7004ed75/content
Pasalina PE, Devita H, Sari N, Amran VY, Suryanis I. The relationship between family characteristic and the incidence of stunting in adolecents at SMA 11 West Sumatra. J Ilm PANNMED 2022; 17:460-4. doi:10.36911/pannmed.v17i3.1433
Khairunnas, Husna A, Marniati M. The relationship of socio-economic with nutritional status in toddler in meureubo sub-district west aceh regency. J Nutr Sci 2020; 1:6-10. doi:10.35308/jns.v1i1.2249
Suryati and Nurlailla U. Father Participation with Moth-er's Practices in Toddler Feeding. Community Publ Nurs 2021; 9:647-56. doi:10.24843/coping.2021.v09.i06.p03
Adhi KT, Widarini NP, Suariyani NLP, Suandana IA, Januraga PP. Nutrtional status, nutrient density, and dietary diversity of children while covid-19 pandemic. J Gizi Klin Indo 2022; 18:3-115. doi:10.22146/ijcn.71861
Akpene - Amenya PC, Annan RA, Apprey C, Agbley EN. The relationship between nutrition and physical activity knowledge and body mass index-for-age of school-aged children in selected schools in Ghana. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08298. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08298
Ny N, Achintya W. Determinants of late adolescent nutritional status in Indonesia: a nation-wide cross-sectional survey. Nutr Food Sci 2021; 5:801-13. doi:10.1108/NFS-07-2021-0235
Sukma DC, Margawati A. The relationship between knowledge and attitude in choosing snacks and obesity in adolencents at smp negeri 2 brebes. J Nutr Coll 2014; 3:4-11. doi:10.14710/jnc.v3i4.6892
Rusmimpong, Rosita U. The relationship between perceptions, attitudes and eating habits with the nutritional status of students at mts muhamad amin rajo tiangso. J Heal Sci 2021; 5:330-40. doi:10.35971/gojhes.v5i2.11276
Listiana A. Analysis of factors related to the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in young women at smk n 1 terbanggi besar, central lampung. J Kesehat 2016; 3:455-69. doi:10.26630/jk.v7i3.230
Yusridawati. The relationship of knowledge and mother's attitude to stunting incidence in kutelintang village, gayo lues district year 2022. J Sci Midwifery 2022; 10:5-17. doi:10.35335/midwifery.v10i5.914
Natanael S, Putri NKA, Adhi KT. Perception of stunting in adolescents girl in gianyar regency Bali. J Nutr Food Res 2022; 45:1-10. doi:10.22435/pgm.v45i1.5900
Guidelines for measuring household and individual dietary diversity [Internet]. Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2010; 1-60. Available from https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/wa_workshop/docs/FAO-guidelines-dietary-diversity2011
Ratnasari F, Sari RS, Usrotussachiyah U. Consumption of animal protein as a form of prevention and managem-ent of stunting in children. J Nusantara Hasana 2022; 2:3-107. doi:10.57084/andasih.v3i2.1035
Headey D, Hirvonen K, Hoddinott J. Animal sourced fo-ods and child stunting. Am J Agric Econ 2018; 100:1302-19. doi:10.1093/ajae/aay053
Rusyantia A. The relationship between fish consumption habits and animal protein intake with the incidence of toddler stunting on apasaran islan, bandar lampung. J Surya Medika 2018; 4:1-67. doi:10.33084/jsm.v4i1.352
Isnaningsih T. Health education through booklet and audiovisual media to increase knowledge about fruit and vegetable consumption. Ind J Edu Rsc 2019; 2:1-48. doi:10.31605/ijes.v2i1.528
Rahmi FJ, Thinni NR, Najla H. Stunting prevention program in Indonesia. J Natl Nutr 2022; 17:3-1. doi:10.20473/mgi.v17i3.281-292
Harahap NL, Lestari W, Manggabarani S. Relationship of Food variations, snack food, and physical activity with the nutrition status of student in labuhan batu district. Nutr Diaita 2020;12:2-45. doi:0.47007/nut.v12i02.3551
Ronitawati P, Ghifari N, Nuzrina R, Yahya PN. Analysis of factors related to the quality of food consumption and nutritional status in urban adolescents. J Sains Kesehat 2021; 28:1-11. doi:10.37638/jsk.28.1.1-11
Adila WP, Yanti RS. The relationship of chronic energy deficiency (CED), exclusive breastfeeding, and economic with stunting in Nagari Aua Kuning West Pasaman. Sci Midwifery 2023; 10:4471-80. doi:10.35335/midwifery.v10i6.1165
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Kadek Tresna Adhi, Ni Luh Putu Suariyani, Ni Putu Widarini, David Hizkia Tobing, Ni Made Elina Sukma Astuti, Pande Putu Januraga
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the Journal of Dow University of Health Sciences are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/. This license permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium; provided the original work is properly cited and initial publication in this journal. 
