Most Prevalent Diseases with Relation of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Karachi, Pakistan
Keywords:
BMI, waist circumference, percentageAbstract
Objectives: To relate the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with diseases commonly found in Karachi.
Subjects and Methods: One hundred sixty one subjects of age group of 35 to 74 years were studied through cross-sectional questionnaire based survey from different areas of Karachi from February 2010 to January 2011. Height and WC were measured while BMI was calculated by standard formula. Data was analyzed by using GraphPad Software and mean ± SD were used to interpret the findings.
Results: The findings describe the percentages of different diseases commonly found in study population like 32.91% have diabetes with BMI 26.69 ± 4.4 kg/m2 and WC 35.92 ± 4.3 inch, 30.43% have hypertension with BMI 26.79 ± 4.42 kg/m2
and WC 36.31 ± 4.72 inch, 14.28% have cardiovascular diseases BMI 25.38 ± 4.10 kg/m2 and WC 36.17 ± 3.91 inch, 10.55% have bone related problems with BMI 26.51 ± 4.52 kg/m2 and WC 38.11 ± 6.4 inch, 6.83% have asthma, 6.21% have migraine, 4.96% have arthritis and 1.86% was found anemic with collective BMI 25 - 29 kg/m2 and WC 34 - 39 inch. Whereas 30.43% of population have no disease (control) with BMI 24.03 ± 3.68 kg/m2 and WC 34.11 ± 3.86 inch.
Downloads
References
Li C, Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Cook S. Recent Trends in Waist Circumference and Waist-Height Ratio among US Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics 2006; 118:1390-8.
Suman, SD, Suchetha NK, Chethana KR, Ramitha K. Effect of obesity on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus varies with age among Indian women. Res J Pharmaceut Biol Chem 2010; 3:342.
Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, Dietz WH, Vinicor F, Bales VS, et al. Prevalence of Obesity, Diabetes, and obesity related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003;289:76-9.
Zhu S, Wang Z, Heshka S, Heo M, Faith MS, Heymsfield SB. Waist circumference and obesity-associated risk factors among whites in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Clinical action thresholds. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76:743-9.
World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of W.H.O Consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization 2000.
National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: the evidence report. Obesity Research 1998;6:S51-210.
Klein S, Allison DB, Heymsfield SB, Kelley DE, Leibel RL, Nonas C, et al. Waist circumference and cardiometabolic risk: a consensus statement from Shaping America's Health: Association for Weight Management and Obesity Prevention; NAASO, The Obesity Society; the American Society for Nutrition; and the American Diabetes Association. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:1197-1202.
Kuma V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, RN Mitchell. Joints. In: Robbins Basic Pathology 8th edition Saunders Elsevier. 2007; p.818-24.
Osler M. Obesity and cancer. A review of epidemiological studies on the relationship of obesity to cancer of the colon, rectum, prostate, breast, ovaries and endometrium. Danish Medical Bulletin 1987; 34:267-74.
Filipovsky J, Ducimetiere P, Darne B, Richard L. Abdominal body mass distribution and elevated blood pressure are associated with increased risk of death form cardiovascular disease and cancer in middle aged man. The results of a 15 to 20 year follow-up in the Paris
prospective study 1. Int J Obesity Relate Metabolic Disorder 1993; 17:197-203.
Jafar TH, Chaturvedi N, Pappas G. Prevalence of overweight and obesity and their association with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in an Indo-Asian population. CMAJ 2006; 175:1071-77.
Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Ross R. Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity related health risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79:379-84.
Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, Campbell SM, Johnson CL. Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991. JAMA 1994; 272:205-11.
Mokdad AH, Serdula MK, Dietz WH, Bowman BA, Marks JS, Koplan JP. The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States, 1991-1998. JAMA 1999; 282: 1519-22.
National Center for Health Statistics. Health. United States. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 1998.
Allison DB, Fontaine KR, Manson JE, Stevens J, VanItallie TB. Annual deaths attributable to obesity in the United States. JAMA 1999; 282:1530-8.
Friedrich MJ. Epidemic of obesity expands its spread to developing countries. JAMA 2002; 287:1382-6.
Reddy KS, Yusuf S. Emerging epidemic of cardiovascular disease in developing countries. Circulation 1998;
:596-601.
Reddy KS. Cardiovascular disease in non-Western countries. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:2438-40.
He J, Gu D, Wu X, Reynolds K, Duan X, Yao C, et al. Major causes of death among men and women in China. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:1124-34.
Setty AR, Curhan G, Hyon K, Choi HK. Obesity, Waist Circumference, Weight Change, and the Risk of Psoriasis
in Women. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167:1670-75.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Shamim A. Qureshi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the Journal of Dow University of Health Sciences are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/. This license permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium; provided the original work is properly cited and initial publication in this journal. 
